Anticholinergics, alpha-blockers, and botulinum toxin injections can treat neurogenic bladder symptoms.

or indwelling catheterization may be indicated to empty the bladder if normal urine is not achievable.

Patients regain control over urine flow by retraining the bladder to store and empty at certain periods.

lectrodes on bladder nerves promote brain-bladder communication.

Bladder augmentation or artificial urinary sphincters may be needed to treat neurogenic bladder disorders.

into the bladder muscle can relax hyperactive muscles and improve urgency, frequency, and incontinence.

Nerve regeneration and transplanting are being studied to restore bladder function after nerve injury.