Bone grafts, metal implants, or both permanently link two or more neighboring vertebrae. It stabilizes, aligns, and reduces back pain. Scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, spinal fractures, and degenerative disc disease are treated with spinal fusion.

It removes herniated or injured disc material that may be pushing on nerves and producing discomfort. Open or minimally invasive surgery relieves nerve compression and discomfort.

To reduce spinal cord and nerve pressure, the lamina is removed from the vertebra. It is often used to treat spinal stenosis, which narrows the spinal canal and compresses the nerves.

This operation replaces a damaged intervertebral disc with an artificial one. The technique maintains spine flexibility and relieves degenerative disc disease discomfort.

These minimally invasive procedures cure osteoporosis or injury-related vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty stabilizes broken vertebrae with bone cement. Kyphoplasty begins with balloon inflation to generate space for bone cement.

It widens the spinal canal by removing bone or tissue from vertebrae. This operation relieves nerve compression and pain from herniated discs and bone spurs.